/*==== qed.js ====*/

if(!("forEach" in Array.prototype)){Array.prototype.forEach=function(c,b){b=b||this;for(var a=0,d=this.length;a<d;a++){if(a in this){c.call(b,this[a],a,this)
}}}}function QED(a){if(typeof(a)==="string"){this.nodes=document.querySelectorAll(a)}else{if(typeof(a)==="object"){if(QED.getClassName(a)==="Array"){this.nodes=a
}else{this.nodes=[];this.nodes.push(a)}}else{throw"QED requires NodeList/string, not "+typeof(a)}}this.cl=document.documentElement.classList;return this
}QED.prototype.find=function(a){if(typeof(a)==="string"){var h=[];var b=this.nodes.length;for(var f=0;f<b;f++){var d=this.nodes[f].querySelectorAll(a);
var g=d.length;if(g>0){for(var c=0;c<g;c++){h.push(d[c])}}}return new QED(h)}else{return null}};QED.prototype.parent=function(){var d=[];var a=this.nodes.length;
for(var c=0;c<a;c++){var b=this.nodes[c].parentNode;if(b){d.push(b)}}return new QED(d)};QED.prototype.each=function(c){var d=[];var a=this.nodes.length;
for(var b=0;b<a;b++){d.push(c.call(this.nodes[b]))}return new QED(d)};QED.prototype.eachx=function(c){var a=this.nodes.length;for(var b=0;b<a;b++){c.call(this.nodes[b])
}return this};QED.prototype.html=function(a){if(a){return this.eachx(function(){this.innerHTML=a;return this})}else{if(this.nodes.length>0){return this.nodes[0].innerHTML
}}};QED.prototype.attr=function(a,b){if(b){return this.eachx(function(){this.setAttribute(a,b);return this})}else{if(this.nodes.length>0){return this.nodes[0].getAttribute(a)
}}};QED.prototype.link=function(){return QED.getFullLink(this.href())};QED.prototype.href=function(a){return this.attr("href",a)};QED.prototype.cite=function(a){return this.attr("cite",a)
};QED.prototype.css=function(a){return this.attr("style",a)};QED.prototype.addClass=function(a){if(this.cl){return this.eachx(function(){this.classList.add(a);
return this})}else{return this.eachx(function(){this.className+=" "+a;return this})}};QED.prototype.removeClass=function(a){if(this.cl){return this.eachx(function(){this.classList.remove(a);
return this})}else{return this.eachx(function(){var b=new RegExp(a,"g");this.className=this.className.replace(b,"");return this})}};QED.prototype.hasClass=function(a){if(this.nodes.length>0){var c=this.nodes[0]
}else{return false}if(c.classList){return c.classList.contains(a)}else{var b=new RegExp("\\b"+a+"\\b");return b.test(c.className)}};QED.prototype.append=function(a,c,b){return this.each(function(){if(this.nodeType===1){return this.appendChild(QED.ce(a,c,b))
}})};QED.prototype.prepend=function(a,c,b){return this.each(function(){if(this.nodeType===1){return this.insertBefore(QED.ce(a,c,b),this.firstChild)}})
};QED.prototype.before=function(a,c,b){return this.each(function(){if(this.parentNode){return this.parentNode.insertBefore(QED.ce(a,c,b),this)}})};QED.prototype.after=function(a,c,b){return this.each(function(){if(this.parentNode){return this.parentNode.insertBefore(QED.ce(a,c,b),this.nextSibling)
}})};QED.prototype.click=function(a){return this.eachx(function(){this.onclick=a;return this})};QED.useragent=navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase();QED.isMobile=(/iphone|ipod|android|blackberry|windows\sce/i.test(QED.useragent));
QED.ce=function(a,c,b){var d=document.createElement(a);d.className=b;if(a!=="img"){d.innerHTML=c}return d};QED.getClassName=function(b){var e=b.constructor.toString();
var d=e.indexOf("function ")+9;var a=e.indexOf("(");e=e.substring(d,a);return e};QED.getScript=function(b,e){var d=document.createElement("script");var a=false;
var c=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0];d.type="text/javascript";d.async=true;d.src=b;d.onload=d.onreadystatechange=function(){if(!a&&(!this.readyState||this.readyState=="loaded"||this.readyState=="complete")){a=true;
if(e&&typeof(e)==="function"){e()}d.onload=d.onreadystatechange=null;c.removeChild(d)}};c.appendChild(d)};QED.str_sub=function(d,b){var a=b.length;for(var c=0;
c<a;c++){d=d.replace(new RegExp("\\{"+c+"\\}","g"),b[c])}return d};QED.getFullLink=function(d){if((d.substr(0,4)==="http")||(d.substr(0,3)==="ftp")){return d
}var c=window.location.hostname;if(window.location.port!=80&&window.location.port!=443){c=window.location.host}var b="";if(d.substr(0,1)!=="/"){var e=window.location.pathname.split("/");
for(var a=1;a<e.length-1;a++){b+="/"+e[a]}b+="/"}return window.location.protocol+"//"+c+b+d};QED.ready=function(b){var f=false;var d=false;var e=[];function a(){if(!d){d=true;
if(e){var g=e.length;for(var h=0;h<g;h++){e[h].call(window)}e=null}}}function c(){if(f){return}f=true;if(document.addEventListener){document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",a,false);
window.addEventListener("load",a,false)}else{if(document.attachEvent){var g=function(){if(document.readyState==="complete"){document.detachEvent("onreadystatechange",g);
a()}};document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",g);window.attachEvent("onload",a)}else{window.onload=a}}}c();if(d){b.call(window)}else{e.push(function(){return b.call(window)
})}};function $(a){if(a){return new QED(a)}else{return QED}};

/*==== blockquote.js ====*/

function createEndnotes(n,h,m){var b=n||"body";var p=h||"#LWJQ_endnotes";var c="blockquote[cite],a[href],q[cite]";var g="LWJQ_endnotereference";var f="LWJQ_endnote";
var a="LWJQ_endnote-tag";var o="noted";var e=1;var l=new RegExp("\\b"+o+"\\b");var k=[];function d(r){if(!r.className.match(l)){r.className+=" "+o}if(m){var w=r.getAttribute("cite")?r.getAttribute("cite"):"";
var u=r.getAttribute("href")?r.getAttribute("href"):"";if(!m(u,w,r)){return}}var s=e;var i="Unknown Reference";if(r.getAttribute("cite")){i=QED.getFullLink(r.getAttribute("cite"))
}if(r.getAttribute("href")){i=QED.getFullLink(r.getAttribute("href"))}var z=false;if(k[i]>0){s=k[i];z=true}else{k[i]=e;e++}var t=QED.ce("span",s,g);if(r.tagName.toLowerCase()==="blockquote"){var y=[];
var v=r;try{y=r.querySelectorAll("p:last-child, li:last-child, dd:last-child, td:last-child")}catch(q){if(window.console&&console.log){console.log(q.name+": "+q.message)
}}if(y.length>0){v=y[y.length-1]}v.appendChild(t)}else{r.parentNode.insertBefore(t,r.nextSibling)}if(!z){var t=QED.ce("p","<span class='"+a+"'>"+s+"</span> "+i,f);
document.querySelector(p).appendChild(t)}}function j(i){[].forEach.call(i.querySelectorAll(c),function(q){if(q.tagName.toLowerCase()==="blockquote"){j(q)
}if(!q.className.match(l)){d(q)}})}j(document.querySelector(b))};

/*==== mainx.js ====*/

$().ready(function(){var b="data:image/png;base64,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";
var h=document.title.substr(0,document.title.indexOf("|")-1);try{if(document.getElementById("LWJQ_endnotes")){$("#LWJQ_endnotes").append("h2","Endnotes");
createEndnotes("#main-content","#LWJQ_endnotes")}}catch(f){if(window.console&&console.log){console.log(f.name+": "+f.message)}}try{$("#main-content blockquote[cite][title]").eachx(function(){var j=$(this);
var i="<a href='"+j.attr("cite")+"'>"+j.attr("title")+"</a>";j.append("p",i,"bq-cite-script");j.addClass("linkified")})}catch(g){if(window.console&&console.log){console.log(g.name+": "+g.message)
}}try{$("blockquote > p > cite").parent().parent().addClass("bq-cited")}catch(d){if(window.console&&console.log){console.log(d.name+": "+d.message)}}if(typeof(disqus_shortname)!="undefined"){$().getScript("http://"+disqus_shortname+".disqus.com/embed.js")
}disqus_shortname="framesofreference";$().getScript("http://framesofreference.disqus.com/count.js");var c=(("https:"==document.location.protocol)?"https://ssl.":"http://www.")+"google-analytics.com/ga.js";
$().getScript(c,function(){try{pageTracker=_gat._getTracker("UA-9413933-1");pageTracker._setDetectFlash(false);pageTracker._trackPageview()}catch(e){}});
try{$("div.social-links").eachx(function(){var e=$(this);var i="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u="+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+"&t="+encodeURIComponent(h);
e.append("a","","share_btn").attr("title","Share via Facebook!").href(i).click(function(m){var l=750;var n=500;var k=(window.screen.width-l)/2;var j=(window.screen.height-n)/2;
window.open(i,"Facebook Share","toolbar=0,status=0,width="+l+",height="+n+",left="+k+",top="+j);return false}).prepend("img","").attr("src",b).attr("height",20).attr("width",85).attr("alt","Share with Facebook");
e.append("span","").css("margin-left:10px");e.append("div","","g-plusone").attr("data-size","standard").attr("data-count","false");e.append("span","").css("margin-left:10px");
e.append("a","","twitter-share-button").attr("data-count","none").attr("data-url",location.href).attr("data-text",h);e.append("span","").css("margin-left:10px");
e.append("a","","twitter-follow-button").href("https://twitter.com/darrinyeager").attr("data-show-count","false").attr("data-width","160px")})}catch(a){if(window.console&&console.log){console.log(a.name+": "+a.message)
}}$().getScript("https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js");$().getScript("https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js")});